Chapter 10 Resources
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Chapter 10 Graphics Package (2.7 MB) - text graphics from chapter 10. Each of the image files has the text page number in the file name, so it should be easy to find and identify the image that you need. (Windows XP Downloading Tip: Right-click on the link and choose "Save Target As...", once the file is on your hard drive, right-click on it and choose "Extract All...")
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Water Use in British Columbia - a precious resource:
- Land and Water, British Columbia - the perfect place to start. This government page has information on water use planning, water rights, dam safety, and much more.
- Water Use Planning - this perspective is from BC Hydro.
- Waterbucket.ca - the communication strategy for the Water Sustainability Action Plan for British Columbia.
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Waste not Watt not - 
- in this neat 9 minute audio Quirks and Quarks find out how the microbe can be turned into a fuel cell. A microbial fuel cell could be developed to clean water at waste treatment plants, and generate modest amounts of electricity as a bonus.
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Distribution of Water - 70% of Earth is covered in water but how much is drinkable?
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The Water Cycle - Earth's water is always in movement;
- The Water Cycle - a great explanation from NASA's Earth Observatory.
- Water Cycle - a colour diagram explains the water cycle. Click on any topic on the diagram and explore more.
- Water Cycle - lots of info with activity sheets at the end.
- The Hydrologic Cycle - this page is divided into sections of interest, like evaporation, condensation and transport. Each section has lots of information and good diagrams to help you.
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Earth's Cryosphere - all about the frozen water on our planet:
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Ice on Mars - - we've known for a while now that there's water-ice on Mars. But the amount of the stuff at the south pole of the red planet has proven to be something of a surprise. Learn more in this fascinating 9 minute audio Quirks and Quarks.
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AAUUGH! It's the Ogopogo! - introducing some of B.C.'s weird water creatures:
- The Ogopogo (Lake Okanogan) - an extensive investigation has been carried out into just what this creature might be.
- The Cadborosaurus - all about Caddy, the quintessential sea serpent.
- Cryptids - if you are curious to learn about other weird creatures around the world, check out this link and click on creature of choice.
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Section 10.1 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.
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Ocean Water Differs From Fresh Water - why is the ocean salty?
- Why is the Ocean Salty? - how salty is the ocean? The origins of ocean water, the sources of ocean salts and the most saline bodies of water on Earth.
- Salinity - the difference between ocean water and fresh water is that ocean water has many more dissolved salts in it.
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Calcium in the Cambrian - - 530 million years ago, in an event known as the Cambrian explosion, life went from simple and small to large and complex, and the animals that are ancestors to most creatures on earth suddenly appeared. In this fascinating 9 minute audio Quirks and Quarks, we find that the explosion of life corresponded to an increase in calcium in the sea. Animals used this extra calcium to build hard shells and structures that allowed them to get larger, and become more resistant to predators.
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Seawater - all about the ocean's salinity, density, and dissolved components.
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Activity 10-3 Salinity - the trick to this demonstration is getting the salinity levels just right, and make sure you use lots of food colouring so that it is easy to see the layers.
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Oceanographer - an interesting career:
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Drainage Basins - area of land where precipitation falls and makes its way to a river:
- Drainage Basins of Canada - an atlas of Canada's drainage basins. Run your cursor over a basin and see the direction the water in that area is flowing.
- Drainage - British Columbia is drained by six major rivers.
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Ground Water - water that makes its way into the pores of a rock:
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How long does it take a drop of water to travel from Lake Superior to the Atlantic Ocean? - - the answer is in this neat 4 minute audio Quirks and Quarks interview with Linda Mortsch, a researcher with Environment Canada's Meteorological Service of Canada.
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Glaciers - large blocks of snow or ice that slowly flow downhill:
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Disappearing Canadian Glaciers - - as the climate continues to change, Canadian glaciers are under threat. In this interesting 10 minute audio Quirks and Quarks, Dr. Gwenn Flowers, a Canada Research Chair in Glaciology at Simon Fraser University, discusses these threats, and what it's going to mean for our oceans and coast lines.
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Tropical Glaciers - - glaciers may not be the first thing that comes to mind when you think about the tropics. However, at high elevations, where the air is cool and precipitation high, you can occasionally find them. But they won’t be around for much longer. Dr. Richard Taylor, a Canadian geologist recently completed a survey of the glaciers in Uganda and found they don’t have much time left. Learn more this intriguing 8 minute audio Quirks and Quarks.
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Sections 10.2 - 10.3 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.
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Karst Landscapes in B.C. - a distinctive type of landscape:
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Water and Erosion Puzzle - do you know you water and erosion terms? Also available for download.
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Sections 10.3 - 10.4 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.
Chapter 11 Resources
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Chapter 11 Graphics Package (3.1 MB) - text graphics from chapter 11. Each of the image files has the text page number in the file name, so it should be easy to find and identify the image that you need. (Windows XP Downloading Tip: Right-click on the link and choose "Save Target As...", once the file is on your hard drive, right-click on it and choose "Extract All...")
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Ocean Basins - are the result of tectonic forces and processes:
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Raven and the First Men - see this beautiful cedar sculpture by Bill Reid. Then click "Raven coaxed the first men out of a giant clam shell" one of the different stories about how the first men came to be.
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Glass Sponge Reefs - British Columbia's Living Fossils;
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Giant Clams - - deep-sea ocean vents aren't the easiest place to live. There's hot lava, steaming water, very little to eat and a constant bath of toxic chemicals. In this interesting 9 minute audio Quirks and Quarks, we find out that the giant clam, Calyptogena magnifica, gets by just fine. In fact, it does quite well, thanks to a species of bacteria that lives within its gill cells.
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Tonguefish at the Vents - - underwater volcanoes at the bottom of the ocean spew out molten lava, boiling water and, in some cases, liquid sulphur, and yet, in this intriguing 8 minute audio Quirks and Quarks, we learn that that's exactly where a new species of tonguefish live, right at the openings of the underwater volcanoes where there the only thing to eat is sulphur and where most fish would be cooked alive!
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Low Light Life - - life blooms in the deep-sea oases formed around hydrothermal vents, but it lives in the dark, as these vents occur far deeper than sunlight can penetrate. So how does it do it? In this intriguing 8 minute audio Quirks and Quarks, we learn that scientists have found a photosynthetic bacterium that ekes out a living from the minimal light generated by infra-red energy from the hot thermal vents.
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Understanding Plate Motions - everything you need to understand why and how tectonic plates move.
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Lava Life - - there's a growing theory that life began near mid-ocean ridges on the ocean floor, and Canadian researchers think they've discovered one of those early life forms: glass-eating microbes. Find out more in this fascinating 9 minute audio Quirks and Quarks.
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Marianas Trench - the deepest part of the earth's oceans:
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ROPOS - an innovative Canadian submersible:
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Section 11.1 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.
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What Makes Ocean Currents Move? - surface and deep currents move for different reasons:
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Europe Deep Freeze - - as the earth warms, and the northern ice melts, there's a risk Europe might go into deep freeze. That's because the warm water that flows north from the tropical ocean will be blocked by fresh water from melting ice. This intriguing 9 minute audio Quirks and Quarks, explains how an engineer at the University of Alberta, proposes to avoid this problem. It involves 8,000 barges equipped with wind turbines pumping water up from the depths to manufacture new arctic ice. Pretty ambitious!
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Green Antarctica - - once warm and green, Antarctica turned icy about 34 million years ago. The reason why has always been a mystery but a team of scientists has determined that the Drake Passage, which connected the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean above Antarctica, actually opened 41 million years ago and this means that a cold ocean current was created around the continent that contributed to its dramatic cooling. Find our more in this interesting 9 minute audio Quirks and Quarks.
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Ocean Waves and their Effect on Shaping Land - breaking waves unleash a tremendous amount of energy:
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What Are Tides? - tides are one of the most reliable phenomena of the world.
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Abalone Tides - especially low spring tides exposed a delicacy for First Nations gatherers:
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Neptune Project - let's get to the bottom of it!
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Section 11.2 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.
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Extreme Weather - what causes extreme, scary, even dangerous weather?
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Major Climate Zones - climate is the characteristic condition of the atmosphere at a certain place on Earth:
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Oceans Puzzle - Have you learned all about oceans? Also available for download.
Chapter 12 Resources
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Chapter 12 Graphics Package (0.8 MB) - text graphics from chapter 12. Each of the image files has the text page number in the file name, so it should be easy to find and identify the image that you need. (Windows XP Downloading Tip: Right-click on the link and choose "Save Target As...", once the file is on your hard drive, right-click on it and choose "Extract All...")
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Life in Lakes and Ponds - inland bodies of water, usually fresh water:
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Dry Arctic Ponds - - researchers have been studying small ponds in the high Canadian Arctic for more than twenty years. Sediments in these ponds have preserved a record of the biology and climate of this sensitive ecosystem going back to the last Ice Age. They had discovered signs of accelerating climate warming, going back well more than a century. But now, the signs of warming are a little more obvious. Find out more in this interesting 9 minute audio Quirks and Quarks.
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Rock Snot Algae - - if you're a fan of a good mystery, you'll love the story of Didymosphenia geminata. In this intriguing 12 minute audio Quirks and Quarks you'll follow a mystery that began almost twenty years ago on Vancouver Island. It became the epicentre of an outbreak of algae blooms that covered the bottoms of rivers in a thick, slimy blanket, which people called "rock snot." Then scientists noticed these algae also sprung up in many other locations favoured by a growing community of globetrotting fly fishermen.
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Various Types of Wetlands - bogs, marshes, fens and estuaries:
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Humpback Whale Feeding Patterns - they use their bodies like giant strainers and also employ another unique strategy:
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Bioluminescence Web Page - the best place to learn how bioluminescence works and about the creatures that use it.
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Pollution-based Mutations - does long-term exposure to toxic materials cause mutations?
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Acidity of Water - here are some tools to help you understand water acidity:
- Acid Rain - this government page is the best place to go to learn about acid rain issues in Canada.
- Acid Deposition - explains acid depostion, good graphic.
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Acid Lakes - - using new tools and techniques, scientists can now uncover the history of Canada's environment by looking at the layers of sediments deposited in lake beds. These sediments contain a history of the life in the lakes over time and can reveal vital information about pollution, climate change and the productivity of ecosystems, as humans have modified our environment. This fascinating 11 minute audio Quirks and Quarks examines evidence that our lakes are becoming more acid.
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The Great Canadian Shoreline Cleanup - aquatic garbage is a huge concern:
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Water Quality Puzzle - how is your understanding of water quality terms? Also available for download.
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Sections 12.1 - 12.3 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.
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Claiming Your Ocean Floor Space - there certainly is a lot to choose from!
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Ocean Energy - harnessing this powerful resource:
