Chapter 10 Resources

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Chapter 10 Graphics Package (2.8 MB) - text graphics from chapter 10. Each of the image files has the text page number in the file name, so it should be easy to find and identify the image that you need. (Windows Downloading Tip: Right-click on the link and choose "Save Target As...", once the file is on your hard drive, right-click on it and choose "Extract All...")

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The Keck Observatory - unravelling the mysteries of the universe:

• W.M. Keck Observatory - excellent information about the observatory and its programs.
• Mauna Kea Observatories - The Keck Observatory is part of an uber-complex of telescopes, including a Canada-France-Hawaii project.

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Hubble Space Telescope - The amazing technology that has allowed us to see deeper into space than ever before:

• Hubble Site - an incredible collection of images, news and updates about the future of the Hubble space telescope.
• The Hubble Space Telesope - the official NASA website.
• The Hubble Heritage Project - many of the most interesting images from Hubble have been collected, processed and analyzed here.
• The Best of the Hubble Space Telescope - a student-run website describing many of the amazing Hubble discoveries.
• EdwinHubble.com - Biographical information, quotations and more about the first person to show that our universe is expanding.

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The Expanding Universe - like raisins in baking bread, galaxies continuously move away from each other in our expanding universe:

• The Expanding Universe - How we know the universe is expanding, including references to Edwin Hubble.
• The Expanding Balloon Universe - Parts of the universe move away from each other like the dots on a balloon.

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The Dark Energy: Explaining the Expanding Universe - - this 22 minute audio Quirks and Quarks show tries to explain the mysterious "anti-gravity" force that physicists and astronomers suspect is responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe.

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Models of the Universe - Human beings have been trying to understand the universe by using models since ancient times:

• The Expanding Universe - The 'expanding rubber sheet universe' is discussed.
• Universal Balloon - The 'ant on the surface of a balloon' model.
• How Far Away Is That Star? - This website includes an excellent activity to illustrate the vast size of the universe.
• Early Models of the Universe - 600 BC to 200 AD, initial cosmological attempts not based on mythologies, including the work of Aristotle and Ptolemy.
• Medieval & Renaissance Astronomy - 700 AD to 1600 AD, including the work of Copernicus and Kepler's discovery of planetary motion.
• Galileo & Newton - 1600 AD to 1700 AD, including early use of telescopes and mathematical understanding of gravity.

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Red Shift Analysis - The properties of electromagnetic waves and the Doppler effect:

• The Doppler Effect - As a wave-emitting source travels nearer or farther from you, the length of wave you experience will change.
• Doppler Shift - Using a police car simulation to show how frequencies change as waves approach then recede.
• Red Shift visualization - This is a simple visualization to help see what red shift (and blue shift) means.

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The Big Bang Theory - If everything is expanding, it must have all started as a single point:

• Georges Lemaître - He was not only a developer of the Big Bang Theory; he was also a Roman Catholic priest with a degree in astrophysics.
• Cosmic Microwave Background -aka CBR, this energy can help to reveal the structure of the early universe.
• COBE and the WMAP - By mapping the background radiation, we can now look at visual representations of what the early universe might have looked like.

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Fossil Glow - The Big Bang released large amounts of energy, but how much can we see through the universe:

• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe - the WMAP project was designed to measure the average temperature of the universe.
• WMAP and Temperature Variations - a nice explanation of the WMAP discoveries and a compariosn to Earth's average temperatures.
• Heat, Temperature, and the Electromagnetic Spectrum - How the background microwave radiation, heat and temperature are related in space.

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Trying to Simulate the Big Bang - Models can help us to understand natural events more clearly, but this is one big event:

• The Heart of the Matter - The CERN particle accelerator in Geneva, Switzerland attempts to break apart particles into smaller, fundamental pieces.
• TRIUMF - The Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics.

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Section 10.1 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.

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Galaxies - There are billions of galaxies in the universe, some more similar to our Milky Way galaxy than others:

• Galaxies - This website has a full breakdown of all the types of galaxies, along with their characteristics.
• Galaxies Galore - Build models and examine models of the different types of galaxies.
• Active Galaxies and Quasars - As opposed to 'normal' galaxies, these emit far more energy than the sum of the stars within them.
• Amazing Space: Galaxies - try either the Galaxy Safari or Galaxies Galore for a multimedia exploration of galaxies.
• Galactic Cannibalism - Does our own Milky Way chow down on a dwarf galaxies?

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Is Anybody Out There? - Some scientists believe that, with the level of biodiversity on Earth, there is a good chance life might have developed elsewhere in the universe:

• Astrobiology - The exploration of life in the universe.
• SETI - The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

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Section 10.2 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.

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Universe Puzzle - try this puzzle about the universe. (This puzzle also available for download )

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Chapter 11 Resources

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Chapter 11 Graphics Package (9.2 MB) - text graphics from chapter 11. Each of the image files has the text page number in the file name, so it should be easy to find and identify the image that you need. (Windows Downloading Tip: Right-click on the link and choose "Save Target As...", once the file is on your hard drive, right-click on it and choose "Extract All...")

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Eagle Nebula - One of the most spectacular astronomical images ever:

• Eagle Nebula - good information and images here.
• Messier 16 - more excellent information.
• The Eagle has risen: Stellar spire in the Eagle Nebula - amazing images, you can download full size ones here.

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Gas Clouds in Spaces - - this 6 minute audio Quirks and Quarks broadcast addresses questions about gas clouds and nebulae in space. How dense are they? What would they look like up close?

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Super-sized Supernova - - Can you imagine an explosion brighter than 50 billion of our Suns? This 10 minute audio Quirks and Quarks broadcast discusses the biggest supernova ever detected.

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SN 1987A - It was the first opportunity for astronomers to view a supernova "up close":

• SN 1987A - the full story, and some excellent time-lapse images.
• SN 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud - the story of the SN 1987A explosion.

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Black Holes - gravity so strong light can't even escape!

• Black Hole - a huge amount of fascinating information.
• Black Holes - well-written explanation from NASA.

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Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull - the intro movie is something special, but the website is even better! Interact with space as you learn more about gravity in space and black holes.

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Section 11.1 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.

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Our Solar System - great sites for you to explore the planets:

• Solar System Exploration - find out the latest planetary info as NASA keeps you up-to-date on all its missions. The Solar System Simulator is pretty cool, too.
• Solar System - a fantastic website from the BBC.
• Planetary Photojournal - the best place to go for spectacular images of all the planets.
• Solar System - almost too much information! Great links to all the planets and their moons as well.

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SOHO: Staring at the Sun - - this 9 minute audio Quirks and Quarks broadcast explains everything about the function of the SOHO satellite and what has been learned about the Sun.

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Sun and the SOHO Satellite - our Sun has some spectacular features:

• Sun - an encylcopedia of information.
• The Sun - very interesting explanations.
• SOHO: Solar and Helliospheric Observatory - NASA gives up all the SOHO details and data, including a page that displays the very latest SOHO images.

Celestia Motherlode - there you will find tons of add-ons for Celestia that allow you to examine spacecraft, asteroids, comets, nebulae, galaxies, and much more.
Educational Activities - 12 detailed stours of space with over 300 destinations - incredible!

Comet - just about everything you could want to know about comets.
The Sun Rips Off a Comet's Tail - it's violent out there!
How Comets Work - a step-by-step tutorial on comets.

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MOST Satellite - helping to explore the universe:

• MOST - A tiny satellite probes the mysteries of the universe.
• Planet Quest - your best place begin learning about extrasolar planets.
• Extrasolar Planet - what is an extrasolar planet? How many have been found? Find out here.

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MOST, The Little Telescope that Could - - Dr. Jaymie Matthews, an associate professor at the University of British Columbia, is interviewed in this 12 minute audio Quirks and Quarks about the MOST space telescope that is changing our understanding of the universe.

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Section 11.2 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.

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Light-year - has an excellent comparison chart to help understand distances in light-years.

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Speed of Light - very good section on the history of the measurement of the speed of light.

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Section 11.3 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.

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Chapter 12 Resources

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Chapter 12 Graphics Package (3.8 MB) - text graphics from chapter 12. Each of the image files has the text page number in the file name, so it should be easy to find and identify the image that you need. (Windows Downloading Tip: Right-click on the link and choose "Save Target As...", once the file is on your hard drive, right-click on it and choose "Extract All...")

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Ancient Astronomical Observatories - we've been studying the stars for a long, long time:

• Cheomseongdae - one of the oldest scientific installations on Earth.
• Chichen Itza - a world heritage site, "El Caracol" is the obervatory.
• Stonehenge - another world heritage site, but a very mysterious one!
• Great Pyramid of Giza - fascinating details about the construction of this massive structure.
• Medicine Wheel - learn more about these interesting stone structures.

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The Moon and Theories of Its Formation - how did the moon come about?

• Moon - a huge amount of moon information, including theories of formation.
• Giant Impact Hypothesis - that must have been one huge collision!
• Where did the Moon come from? - simply and clearly explained.
• Big Bang, New Moon - very interesting reading.

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Walking on the Moon, Again - - this 19 minute audio Quirks and Quarks broadcast discusses NASA plans to return to the Moon. Is it worth the expense? How will the new Moon missions be different? Will we be colonizing the Moon permanently? (Tip: Download audio files to your hard drive by right-clicking and choosing "Save Target As...")

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Lunar Cycle Challenge - a great way to learn the phases of the moon.

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Visualizing Eclipses - hopefully you can see one in person, but if you can't...

• Solar Eclipse - control the eclipse yourself - a very good visual model.
• NASA Eclipse - learn about eclipses and generate eclipse maps.
• Eclipse Model - click on the "How To" tab for instructions. Don't miss the Introduction and Exercise pages.

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List of Constellations - a great place to begin your journey through the constellations. This page lists all 88 modern constellations, click on them and start discovering!

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Section 12.1 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.

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Aboriginal People and the Stars - learn more about celestial-related stories of Aboriginal peoples:

• American Indian Starlore - many wonderful stories about the stars and night sky.
• Starlore of the American Indian - Click on the Sun, Moon, Stars links for many celestial-related stories.

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Section 12.2 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.

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Non-optical Telescopes - looking for things you can't see:

• It Takes More Than One Kind of Telescope to See the Light - NASA explains why different telescope types are needed for observing outer space.
• History of X-Ray Astronomy - excellent explanation of X-ray telescopes.
• Radio Telescope - all you would want to know about searching space for radio waves.
• Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope - detection of very energetic particles from space.
• SIRTF Gets a New Name - the Spitzer Space Telescope scans space for infrared energy.
• Very Large Array - the VLA is a very interesting (and big!) facility.

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Radarsat 2 - everything you could want to know about Radarsat 2.

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Satellites for Archaeology - detecting past civilizations from the sky:

• Google Earth, Satellite Maps Boost Armchair Archaeology - these days, anyone can take advantage of satellite data.
• Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya - using technology to find an ancient civilization.
• Satellite Images 'Show Atlantis' - have satellites helped to find Atlantis?

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Mars Exploration Rover Mission - the little rovers that continue to impress.

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International Space Station - a big and bold space project:

• International Space Station - NASA's home page for the ISS.
• International Space Station - an encyclopedia of information.

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Dextre and the Canadarm 2 - a critical support item for the Internation Space Station:

• Canadarm 2 - all the information you could want from Canada's Space Agency.
• Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator - interesting info on "Dextre".
• Canadarm2 and the Mobile Servicing System - NASA explains the importance of Canada's contribution.

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Space Elevator - going up!

• The Next Giant Leap - explains the benefits of nanotechnology to space exploration.
• Audacious & Outrageous: Space Elevators - NASA serisouly considers space elevator technology.
• Space Elevator - excellent expanation of the technology.

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The Great Space Debate - there are risks and benefits to space travel:

• Space Exploration - good place to start for general information on space travel.
• Analysis: High price of space travel - is it worth the risk?
• Space Travel: Only for Billionaires? - trips to space only for the rich?

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Section 12.3 Quiz - need more practice? Try this online quiz.